RSS EntriesBarbri California
Posted by oshane | Leave a comment at the end of this post.I’ve been wanting to do a post-mortem on the bar review course I took for California this summer with Barbri.
Sufficiency of the Materials
Overall, the course was helpful. I took Barbri’s mobile course, which allowed me to watch videos and study from home. Because California is a large national market of bar applicants looking for assistance in preparation for the exam, most of the substantive lectures were very good. The multistate bar examination (MBE) preparatory materials (the MBE is the 200-question multiple choice test that 48 jurisdictions use on the Wednesday of bar exam week) were helpful, because they escalated in difficulty and idiosyncrasy over time. I found Richard Sakai’s pragmatic lectures about how to take the essays generally helpful and Peter Jan Honigsberg’s lectures about the California Performance Test also to be very encouraging and helpful.
That said, the price of the program is too high for the material that is provided. Barbri certainly provides a significant—almost overwhelming—amount of material to the applicant. To its credit, Barbri makes no assumptions about what the average test taker needs and provides the full gamut of preparatory material so that each student has all the material any applicant might need to study. While I rarely looked at the complete subject matter outlines (instead using the lecture notes or the mini-review), the full outlines allow people who are completely unfamiliar with a subject to study them and feel satisfied they won’t need to do research elsewhere to understand the subject. There were more than enough past essays with model answers to practice and more than enough past performance tests with their own model answers to analyze. The sets of MBE questions were comprehensive.
Value
The irony is that because California is a national market for bar review (i.e., many applicants from all over the country take the test twice a year), the costs Barbri has in producing the materials and paying for the lectures must be subject to economies of scale, particularly when the legal material doesn’t change much from year to year. On one hand, I wonder if the inherent value* of the material is much less than the $4000 price tag of the program. To some extent, the cost of materials plus reasonably moderate double-digit profit** cannot possibly equal $4000. Some of the extra margin is driven by demand for Barbri’s goodwill. That it has been in business for thirty years and that lawyers (or would-be lawyers) are more predisposed to risk avoidance means that law students are routinely more likely to go with the dominant service provider in the market (the apparent tautology that more consumers choose the dominant vendor notwithstanding).
Moreover—and I think it was Sakai or Honigsberg that implied as much in one of their lectures—California graders have come to expect that essays and performance tests have the formats that Barbri recommends applicants use, simply because (a) so many Barbri students establish a modal “average” for what a 60- or 65-mean scored essay should look like; and (b) many graders themselves used Barbri to prepare for the California Bar Exam when they took it. Thus, Barbri has established a quasi-virtuous cycle with the California bar exam graders and its own students. Students take Barbri because it can claim a higher-than-average pass rate for the California Bar Exam. Some of that incremental difference is likely driven by the fact that graders subconsciously expect essays on the whole to look like Barbri recommends, potentially leading to more satisfactory scores for Barbri students.
Thus, the profit margins that California Barbri students pay are attributable both to its historical presence (goodwill) in the market and a virtuous cycle.
I wonder—at least for self-motivated home studiers—whether it would be less costly and equally as effective to get hold of written California Barbri essay materials in the secondary market (thanks to the First Sale Doctrine***, eBay, and Amazon) and simply practice writing essays that look similar to Barbri essays. On the other hand, if one is simply just perusing the Barbri materials without paying for the service, it is arguably more worthwhile simply to look at the selected answers California releases with past exams for a more direct understanding of what graders are looking for.
Undoubtedly, part of the value Barbri provides is in the feedback loop it provides for its students. Barbri, because of its size and customer base, can scale MBE practice question scores relative to other Barbri students, which provides, assuming its MBE questions on average represent the MBE questions created by the National Conference of Bar Examiners, an effective sample size for low-error rate comparison between other California test takers and a good guess at what a student’s MBE score will look like.
The Other Part of the Feedback Loop:
Essay Grading
Barbri also grades its students’ essays. This is the most value-lacking part of the course. I’ve heard from Barbri students in other jurisdictions that the essay grading in those places is helpful and a fairly accurate representation of the grading that will be done by actual bar examiners.
Not so in California. Barbri graders routinely grade practice essays with an élan for doom. The scores students receive are typically very low, particularly at the beginning of the course, and sometimes at the end. No one really knows why but a consensus is that that Barbri is attempting to bootcamp its students into realizing that the California graders will not treat graciously a poorly written essay. On one hand, that could be commendable tough love. For me, it was nerve-racking and unhelpful. At first, when I received an excessively low grade from Barbri, I crusaded to shore my bar exam essay writing skills up. And then when more low scores were returned to me, I became discouraged. It wasn’t until I read about students literally copying model answers word for word, submitting them as experiments, and still receiving failing grades, that I realized that Barbri was intentionally deflating scores to impel its students to work harder.
At one point, I received a 45 on an essay. I had made some mistakes, but nothing seemingly major. When I compared my essay to the grading rubric, I realized the grading system was a farce. A Barbri 45 indicates that the essay had not identified one major issue. In fact, in my essay, I had identified all but one minor issue. The grading was self-referentially incoherent as compared to the standards.
I do not doubt that for some students, the Stick can be a very motivating incentive to try harder and do better as opposed to the Carrot. For me—as I am already a self-motivated, self-starting student—it was simply discouraging. All I wanted was honest feedback. If an essay truly deserved a 45, then I wanted to hear it. At one point, I wrote an essay that I thought was akin to a 75, and I think I received a 65. At that point, my disagreement with Barbri would have been debatable, if not pointless. 65 is a passing grade for an essay on the California Bar Exam, and if in real life the essay was actually a 75, then telling me I received a 65 might have been marginally helpful to keep me from complacency without harming my own developing self-heuristic for what way of writing would help me pass a real essay question.
But when Barbri’s eagerness to keep its students from prosaic complacency leads them to fail practice essays by a wide margin when the essay may have been borderline or even a fair pass, Barbri loses its effectiveness as a preparatory tool. This also doesn’t comport with Barbri’s goodnatured cheerleading and its continual reminders that we should prepare enough, but just enough, to pass. It was difficult for me to simply aim for a barely passing grade but, my own fastidiousness for excellence aside, the fact that Barbri was proclaiming we should do “just enough” as contrasted to its graders failing essays that were objectively just good enough to pass, reduced the utility, consistency, and clarity of the process overall.
Conclusion
We find out in eight days whether those of us who took the July 2011 California Bar Examination passed. I wanted to write my thoughts about the Barbri process before I found out, so that my opinion would not be colored by whether I passed the exam. That said, if I am honest with myself, good news next Friday will probably wash away the bad aftertaste in my mouth left by Barbri’s wonky practice essay grading system.
Overall, I found the program effective—maybe not perfectly tuned to the California Bar Exam like some of the smaller boutique tutoring programs in California may be—but sufficient. I still question whether the price tag is worth it. I certainly think $2000 would be an outstanding value. At $4000, students enter the realm of prices for private tutoring ($5000+), and I wonder if paying another $1000 would have made for a better, more productive, or more effective experience overall. Barbri should lower its prices, but it still seemed to provide a relatively good, though not perfect, value.
Footnotes
* Whatever this means. Value is always best calculated by what a willing buyer pays a willing seller. Thus, I don’t believe the $4000 price comprises just the value of the books and lectures, but also includes a host of intangibles. See supra.
** I do not begrudge high profits and do not really believe in the notion of “reasonable” profits as some sort of moral limiting factor on profit—that doesn’t mean I want (as a self-interested actor) to pay more than some arbitrarily low percentage of profit, even though I may still choose to do so anyway. Obviously there are comparative reverse inequalities of value at work. Such is the nature of free-market demand.
*** No doubt Barbri and zealous IP attorneys would argue the First Sale Doctrine does not apply to a set of “leased” books, but the designation of the books as under a lease is arguable, especially given the fact that there is an inherent liquidated damages provision in the Barbri agreement in case one does not return the books, stipulating he loses his book deposit. This, among other factors, makes the part of the transaction having to do with the written books look like a sale.
Full disclosure: I returned my California Barbri materials to Barbri per the face of my agreement with Barbri and received the deposit back.
Септик это автономная система очистки и утилизации сточных вод, устанавливаемая на загородных участках, дачах, домах за городом и других местах, где нет централизованного канализационного сооружения. В большой зависимости от технологии и методов обработки сточных вод, септики могут являться различных видов. Рассмотрим главные типы септиков, их превосходства и недостатки.
1. Биологические септики:
Био септики работают на принципе биологической очистки сточных вод с помощью особых микробов и микроорганизмов. Они отличаются высокой эффективностью очистки воды и малым количеством отходов. Превосходства:
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– Долгий срок службы и низкие эксплуатационные затраты.
– Минимальные требования к уходу и обслуживанию.
Недостатки:
– Надо поддерживать определенный уровень активности бактерий, регулярно проводя профилактические мероприятия.
– При переполнении возможно загрязнение почвы и подземных вод.
2. Фильтровальные септики:
Фильтровальные септики основаны на фильтрации сточных вод через специальные наполнители (песок, гравий, кокосовые волокна). Они отлично устраняют загрязнения и имеют хорошую степень обработки. Преимущества:
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– Возможность использования обработанных вод для полива или других нужд.
– Не требуют постоянного обслуживания.
Недочеты:
– Конечно возможно засорение фильтра и необходимость постоянной очистки.
– Требуется верная установка и подбор наполнителя.
3. Выгребные септики:
Выгребные септики представляют собой емкости для сбора https://septiki-moskva-1.ru и скопления сточных вод, которые потом время от времени выгребаются и вывозятся для переработки. Превосходства:
– Простота установки и эксплуатации.
– Низкая цена.
– Не требуют электроэнергии.
Недостатки:
– Неэффективность в чистке и утилизации сточных вод.
– Регулярная необходимость в выкачке и вывозе отходов.
– Возможность загрязнения находящейся вокруг среды при протечках и разливах.
Каждый вид септика по своему хорош и недостатки, поэтому в момент выбора нужно учитывать необыкновенности участка, количество жильцов, интенсивность использования системы, а также потенциальные затраты на эксплуатацию и сервис. Правильный выбор септика позволит обеспечить безопасную и экологически чистую обработку сточных вод на вашем участке.
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Септик это автономная система очистки и утилизации сточных вод, которая устанавливается на загородных участках, дачах, домах за городом и других местах, где нет централизованного канализационного сооружения. В зависимости от технологии и методов обработки сточных вод, септики могут являться различных видов. Осмотрим основные типы септиков, их преимущества и недостатки.
1. Биологические септики:
Био септики работают на принципе биологической чистки сточных вод при помощи специальных микробов и микроорганизмов. Они отличаются высокой эффективностью очистки воды и малым количеством отходов. Преимущества:
– Экологически чистая очистка сточных вод без внедрения химических веществ.
– Длинный срок службы и низкие эксплуатационные затраты.
– Минимальные требования к уходу и обслуживанию.
Недочеты:
– Необходимо поддерживать определенный уровень активности бактерий, часто проводя профилактические мероприятия.
– При переполнении конечно возможно загрязнение почвы и подземных вод.
2. Фильтровальные септики:
Фильтровальные септики основаны на фильтрации сточных вод через специальные наполнители (песок, гравий, кокосовые волокна). Они эффективно устраняют загрязнения и имеют хорошую ступень обработки. Преимущества:
– Высокий уровень очистки сточных вод.
– Возможность использования обработанных вод для полива или других нужд.
– Не требуют неизменного обслуживания.
Недочеты:
– Вероятно засорение фильтра и необходимость регулярной очистки.
– Нужно верная установка и подбор наполнителя.
3. Выгребные септики:
Выгребные септики представляют собой емкости для сбора https://septiki-moskva-1.ru и накопления сточных вод, которые затем время от времени выгребаются и вывозятся для переработки. Превосходства:
– Простота установки и эксплуатации.
– Низкая стоимость.
– Не требуют электроэнергии.
Недостатки:
– Неэффективность в чистке и утилизации сточных вод.
– Регулярная необходимость в выкачке и вывозе отходов.
– Возможность загрязнения окружающей среды при протечках и разливах.
Каждый вид септика имеет свои преимущества и недостатки, поэтому при выборе нужно учесть особенности участка, количество жильцов, интенсивность использования системы, а также потенциальные затраты на эксплуатацию и сервис. Верный выбор септика позволит обеспечить безопасную и экологически чистую обработку сточных вод у вас на участке.
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Francisk Skorina Gomel state University is the leading higher educational institution of the Belarusian Polesie, which is considered to be one of the best in the Republic of Belarus. The University is famous for its rich history, good traditions, famous scientific schools, famous graduates. Founded in 1930 as a pedagogical Institute, it was transformed into a University in 1969 – the second in Belarus at present. And today Francisk Skorina Gomel State University remains the second most significant classical University in the country.
The prestige of the University is based on the high quality of education. It is confirmed by a certificate for compliance with international standards ISO 9001:2015, recognized in more than 90 countries. High positions in the world rankings allow the University to maintain its international reputation among the best higher educational institutions in the world with constant stability. Having joined the Bologna process and the Great Charter of European Universities, F. Skorina State University became the part of a single European space of higher education, recognizing its universal values. The priorities of the University are development and progress: today there is the branch of F. Skorina State University at Shanghai Professional Institute of Industry, Commerce and Foreign languages, the fourth and at the same time the first regional Confucius Institute was opened at the University.
F. Skorina State University is a unified educational, research and production complex, which includes 12 faculties, Institute of advanced training, 2 research institutes, regional marketing and career counseling centers, a center of collective use for environmental monitoring and research of the composition and properties of the substance, more than 40 research laboratories, small-scale production.
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F. Skorina Gomel State University follows the best national traditions of education, borrowing at the same time the experience of the best European universities. The educational process is built in close integration with science and practice. About 70 branches of the departments of educational institutions function (operate) at enterprises and organizations, more than 300 domestic and foreign organizations are the basis for student practices and internships. Close cooperation with personnel customers, support of the start-up movement allow to train highly qualified specialists, guarantee graduates successful employment and career in leading companies, government establishments, research institutions, commercial and public organizations, in private business.
Promotion of the ideas of international cooperation allows F. Skorina State University to increase the attractiveness and competitiveness of education. The University cooperates with more than 130 educational and scientific institutions from 25 countries. Well-known scientists are regularly invited to give lectures, every year more than 200 students and teachers take part in academic mobility programs: they undergo training courses abroad, take part at scientific conferences, study at foreign educational institutions.
The University is widely known for its international environment. Today, more than 800 citizens from 16 countries – Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, China, Iraq, Turkey, Yemen, Libya, Israel, Vietnam, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, etc. are educated here. The specialties related to Economics, Law, Philology, Pedagogy, Information Technology are in great demand.
Foreign students are attracted by the opportunity to receive education in English, the lack of discrimination, the relatively low cost of education, which today is 2340 US dollars per academic year. Graduates receive a national diploma supplement, which applies the generally accepted European credit accounting system, which allows them to build a career not only in their country but also abroad.
Respecting its foreign guests, F. Skorina state University strives to create comfortable conditions for their education and living far from home. Support of teachers, free courses of Russian and foreign languages, regular meetings and events in honor of national holidays, friendship and solidarity evenings contribute to rapid adaptation and successful study at a large and hospitable University. Its hallmark was the holding of the international friendship festival “Inter-GSU”, which brings together international students from all higher educational institutions of Gomel.
It is the time of students’ life – it is not only study. It is the energy of youth, creative experiments, search for his calling. That’s why at the University so much attention is paid to the harmonious development of the (personality) individual. For adherents of a healthy lifestyle there are about 40 sports sections, fitness studios, schools of the correct posture bearing and figure correction. Students glorify the University in international, city and regional competitions. A special pride of the University – 5 winners and 11 prize-holders of the Olympic games.
The doors of the student club, which includes 24 creative teams, are open for talented young people, 5 of them have the title of “folk”. These are choreographic studios, student theatres, vocal ensembles, choral choir, smart clubs. The work of the “school of the leader”, the organization of the system of student self-government is oriented to the development of leadership qualities. Annual contests “Come on, freshman!”, “Mr. and Miss University”, “The best study group”, interest classes in literary associations, volunteer units, youth media make students’ life eventful and cheerful.
The University has the latest material and technical base and developed infrastructure. Comfortable conditions for study, accommodation and meals allow students, including foreign students, to feel at home throughout the period of studying. It offers young people – 4 types of students’ hostels, a beautiful canteen with a wide range of affordable dishes, 5 buffets, coffee shop, developed network of coffee machines.
F. Skorina Gomel State University is a modern University of great opportunities, open to smart, talented, purposeful young people. Choosing Gomel State University, young people choose a prosperous future.
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